Understanding AI search visibility.
Guides, technical notes and strategy on how AI answer engines pick, mention and cite brands — no needless jargon.
What is Generative Engine Optimization (GEO)?
GEO is SEO for AI answers: making sure ChatGPT, Claude and Perplexity mention and cite you. What it is, how it differs from SEO, and how to measure it.
What Makes Content Citable: Structural Patterns LLMs Actually Retrieve
A practical guide to formatting content so retrieval systems can parse, extract, and cite it in AI-generated answers.
Prompt Variance and GEO Measurement: Why Single Queries Mislead
AI engines return different brand mentions across sessions—here's how to design statistically meaningful monitoring that accounts for inherent response variance.
How AI Assistants Decide Which Sources to Cite: A Technical Primer on RAG Retrieval
A clear breakdown of the retrieval-augmented generation pipeline—embedding similarity, reranking, and context window limits—so GEO practitioners understand what actually determines citation inclusion.
AI Visibility Without Clicks: Why Brand Mentions Matter Even When Traffic Doesn't Follow
When AI assistants answer questions directly, traditional click metrics fail—here's a framework for measuring brand influence through mentions, share of voice, and recommendation context.
Content Structure for AI Citations: What Retrieval Systems Can Actually Parse
A technical breakdown of how RAG pipelines chunk, embed, and rank content—and why citation-friendly structure differs from traditional SEO.
AI Overview Expansion: What European Brands Should Track Now
With Google rolling out AI Overviews across Europe and APAC, here's a practical framework for establishing your AI-search visibility baseline before competitors do.
Structured Data for GEO: How FAQ Schema Correlates with AI Citations
FAQ schema pages appear 2.3× more often in AI citations—here's how to implement structured markup for generative engine visibility, with honest caveats about what the data shows.
Domain Authority and LLM Citations: What the Princeton NLP Study Actually Shows
A close look at the preprint research on whether traditional domain authority predicts who gets cited in AI-generated answers—and what SEO professionals should take from it.
How to Extract Citation Data from Claude's New Structured Metadata API
A practical developer guide to programmatically tracking brand citations in Claude API responses using Anthropic's structured metadata features.
Source Authority Scoring: What Perplexity's New Transparency Feature Reveals About AI Citation Logic
Perplexity now shows why it prioritizes certain sources — here's what that visible ranking logic tells us about optimizing for AI citation.
Why the Same Prompt Returns Different Sources in AI Search
LLM non-determinism, prompt sensitivity, and temperature settings mean a single audit check tells you almost nothing about your real AI visibility.
What the Original GEO Research Actually Proved (and What It Didn't)
A clear-eyed breakdown of the CMU/Georgia Tech GEO paper's nine optimization strategies—what the data supports, what remains unproven, and what practitioners should actually take away.
Google AI Overviews Citation Patterns: What We Know So Far
An analysis of observable citation behavior in Google's AI Overviews as the feature expands globally—when sources appear, when they don't, and what this means for brand visibility tracking.
A GEO Metrics Framework: What to Actually Measure
Define practical metrics for AI search visibility—mention rate, citation quality, share-of-voice—without overpromising traffic outcomes.
How to Track Your Brand in Perplexity
Perplexity's citation-first answers make visibility measurable — here's what to track and how.
How to track your brand's mentions in ChatGPT
A repeatable way to know whether AI assistants name you when buyers ask — and what to do when they name a competitor instead.
Which sources do AI models actually cite?
Citations aren't random. How answer engines pick the domains they trust, and how to read your cited-sources report.
Share-of-voice for AI answers, explained
Visibility is relative. How to measure your share against competitors across engines, and why a single number hides the story.
GEO vs SEO: what changes, what doesn't
Search results and AI answers are different surfaces. What carries over from classic SEO, and what's genuinely new.
Self-hosting an AI visibility tracker
Own your probe history. The data model behind continuous GEO tracking and why we built it open-core.